Huh, that lsusb says that the computer has adjusted to 500mA, which means *something* worked. Do this:

1) unplug BB
2) rmmod berry_charge
3) modprobe berry_charge debug=1
4) tail -f /var/log/messages

...now plug in your BB and you should see the debug info of "device detected" blah blah blah. I suspect that the problem is the same as you were having before; the charging indicator on the device isn't staying on, which I guess was an Ubuntu kernel bug?