Sorry for abandoning the thread!
Klotar:
Yes, my country code is set to +1, and do not disturb was set to no.
In the end, I had to call up Rogers.
I explained the situation and telling the rep about having Caller/Name Display excluded but just having the Caller ID listed as noted in this thread. He told me that caller display/name display/caller id is basically all the same, and that in order for me to even see the number, I would have to add the $8 Caller ID feature. He activated the caller id on my phone as a test and then phoned my device, which then showed his number (whereas without it would've just shown the 'Unknown Number'). So, the phone works for displaying the number, its just the way that the info transmits from Rogers to my phone.
After talking to the rep a little more, I asked him why my prepaid phone was showing phone numbers when I was being called but ever since I switched to a contract it doesn't anymore. He told me that prepaid accounts get caller id included but its (obviously) more expensive per minute in comparison to a contract etcetc. He was a VERY helpful guy, but from what I gathered, what I wanted wasn't just a freebie fix.
So in the end, yes, Rogers is a money-sucking monster. Because up in Canada, Rogers doesn't really have any other GSM-providing competitors (that I currently know of), it makes the game a little easier for them. ;)
Sucks.