Yep. Easy.
Look at your Facebook page on the PC.
At the top right click on Account > Help Center > Using Facebook > Mobile > Facebook Mobile Uploads > What is my personal mobile upload address? and click there.
Or maybe this link is direct:
Help Center | Facebook
You will see a very specific mobile upload email address for your account ONLY.
Then add the address as a Contact in your Address Book, and email the photo for mobile upload. Anything you type in the Subj" line becomes the photo caption.